Sociologists define customs as the values, beliefs, behavior and material objects that constitute a people’s way of life. Values are statements about what ought to be. Values also express the goals or purposes of social action. Values influence a person’s behavior towards a large class of objects or persons although they are not related to that specific object, person, or group. They are standards for determining whether something is good and desirable or not and serves as the criteria by which norms themselves are judged. Sociologists are interested in examining values. However, these cannot be readily identified since they are abstractions from reality. To identify the values operating in a given society, one may apply the fourfold test of Robin Williams. These are: extensiveness, duration, intensity, and prestige of its carrier. Four Basic Filipino Values 1. Emotional closeness and security in a family. It is in this value where the family, including the extended family like uncles, aunts, ninong, ninang, give support to members of the family. In return, Filipino children are loving to their parents. 2. Approval from authority and of society. This value brings about the Filipino image as amiable, personable, and the like. Filipinos have the desire to please and be accepted by the authority. 3. Economic and social betterment. This refers to the Filipino values of uplifting one’s state in life. 4. Patience, endurance, and suffering. This value shows the matiisin attitude among the Filipinos. It enables us to bounce back easily when tragedy strikes. VALUES ADAPTED IN PHILIPPINE CULTURE1. Equal opportunity, which means that society should provide everyone with the opportunity to be successful.
2. Achievement and success are encouraged by competition so that a person’s reward reflect his or her personal trait. 3.Material comfort. Refers to making money. Once we have this, our first impulse is to buy symbols of wealth, such as a house and lot, automobiles, jewelry, and others. 4. Activity and work. We tend to prefer action to reflection and try to accept hard work than accept our fate. 5. Practicality and efficiency. When what is preferred as practical and not theoretical. 6. Progress. The reference for products which are identified as the “latest” therefore the “best.” 7. Science. The recognition of the works of science experts as the source of knowledge; at the same time giving emphasis in commercial ads. 8. Democracy and free enterprise. Reflected during elections, when we emphasize our needs and choices. 9. Freedom. The belief that individuals should be free to pursue one’s personal goals with little or no interference from anyone else. 10. Racism and group superiority. Individuals rate others according to sex, race, ethnicity, and social class.
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